Characterization of IgG and IgE Binding to Parvalbumin Derived from Commercially Important Fish Species

Parvalbumin is a pan-allergen in fish and frog that triggers IgE-mediated reactions in fish-allergic individuals. Previous studies demonstrated that antibodies raised against fish and frog parvalbumins displayed varying specificity for different fish species, and thus the applicability of these antibodies for potential use in immunoassays to detect fish residues were limited. We aimed to determine the specificity of 3 IgG antibodies for various fish species. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IgGimmunoblotting were used to compare the reactivity of the polyclonal anti-cod parvalbumin antibody, and the commercially-available, monoclonal anti-frog and monoclonal anti-carp parvalbumin antibodies against raw muscle extracts of 29 fish species. All antibodies demonstrated varying specificity for different fish species. Of the 3 antibodies, the polyclonal anti-cod parvalbumin antibody is the most suitable for the detection of fish parvalbumins as it showed reactivity to the widest range of species, including herring, pilchard, carp, pike, cod, pollock, haddock, cusk, hake, bluegill, tilapia, bass, grouper, trout, catfish, and perch, although detection was still limited for several key fish species.